Why are they in baby gear in the first place?
In 1975, California implemented a strict flammability standard for furniture (TB 117) requiring foam to withstand a 12-second open flame test. Because California was such a massive market, manufacturers nationwide simply started soaking all their polyurethane foam in chemical flame retardants to pass the test.
Car seats face an additional hurdle: the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 302, which requires materials to resist burning. Because cheap polyurethane foam is highly flammable, the cheapest way to pass this federal standard is to douse the foam in chemicals.
The tragedy is that real-world fire data shows these chemicals provide dangerously little protection in an actual fire, merely delaying ignition by seconds, while simultaneously making the resulting smoke far more toxic.
“We traded an unlikely fire hazard for a 100% guaranteed daily exposure to neurotoxic chemicals.”
— Renee Says
Section Summary
- Regulations forced the adoption of chemical retardants in the 1970s.
- FMVSS 302 requires car seats to pass burn tests.
- They provide negligible real-world fire safety benefits.
The Dust Connection: How Exposure Happens
Flame retardants are semi-volatile. They aren't permanently bound to the foam structure. Over time, as a baby wriggles in a car seat or bounces in a bouncer, the microscopic chemicals break off and become airborne.
They quickly settle onto the floor, mixing with house dust. Because infants spend the majority of their time crawling on the floor and putting their hands in their mouths, they suffer astronomically higher exposure rates to flame retardants than adults. Studies show toddlers frequently have 3 to 10 times higher levels of PBDEs in their blood than their mothers.
Section Summary
- Chemicals do not stay bound to the foam.
- They settle into house dust at floor level.
- Infant hand-to-mouth behavior drives massive exposure.